WORLD WIDE WEB
The World Wide Web ("WWW" or simply the "Web") is a global information medium which users can read and write via computers connected to the Internet. The term is often mistakenly used as a synonym for the Internet itself, but the Web is a service that operates over the Internet, just as e-mail also does. The history of the Internet dates back significantly further than that of the World Wide Web.
Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist. He was born in London, and his parents were early computer scientists, working on one of the earliest computers.Growing up, Sir Tim was interested in trains and had a model railway in his bedroom. He recalls:
“I made some electronic gadgets to control the trains. Then I ended up getting more interested in electronics than trains. Later on, when I was in college I made a computer out of an old television set.”
After graduating from Oxford University, Berners-Lee became a software engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come from all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir Tim noticed that they were having difficulty sharing information.
“In those days, there was different information on different computers, but you had to log on to different computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to learn a different program on each computer. Often it was just easier to go and ask people when they were having coffee…”, Tim says.
Tim thought he saw a way to solve this problem – one that he could see could also have much broader applications. Already, millions of computers were being connected together through the fast-developing internet and Berners-Lee realised they could share information by exploiting an emerging technology called hypertext.
In March 1989, Tim laid out his vision for what would become the web in a document called “Information Management: A Proposal”. Believe it or not, Tim’s initial proposal was not immediately accepted. In fact, his boss at the time, Mike Sendall, noted the words “Vague but exciting” on the cover. The web was never an official CERN project, but Mike managed to give Tim time to work on it in September 1990. He began work using a NeXT computer, one of Steve Jobs’ early products.
WEB PAGE
A web page or web page is a document commonly written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that is accessible through the Internet or other network using an Internet browser. A web page is accessed by entering a URL address and may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web pages and files. The page you are reading now is an example of a web page.
The first web page was created at CERN by Tim Berners-Lee on August 6, 1991. You can visit and browse the first website and first web page .
This page that you are reading now is an example of an HTML web page and what a typical web page looks like on the Internet. This web page consists of several elements including CSS, images, and JavaScript.
Although the body of a web page is created using HTML, that HTML code can be created using an HTML editor and written by a human or generated using server-side scripts or other scripts. Typically a web page created by a human ends with a .htm or .html file extension. For example, this page has the file name "webpage.htm". Pages generated by a script can end in .cgi, .php, .pl, and other extensions.
A static web page (sometimes called a flat page/stationary page) is a web page that is delivered to the user exactly as stored, in contrast to dynamic web pages which are generated by a web application.
Consequently, a static web page displays the same information for all users, from all contexts, subject to modern capabilities of a web server to negotiate content-type or language of the document where such versions are available and the server is configured to do so.
Static web pages are often HTML documents stored as files in the file system and made available by the web server over HTTP (nevertheless URLs ending with ".html" are not always static). However, loose interpretations of the term could include web pages stored in a database, and could even include pages formatted using a template and served through an application server, as long as the page served is unchanging and presented essentially as stored.
Static web pages are suitable for the contents that never or rarely need to be updated, though modern static site generators are changing. Maintaining large numbers of static pages as files can be impractical without automated tools, such as Static site generators described in Web template system. Any personalization or interactivity has to run client-side, which is restricting.
Advantages of a static website
- Provide improved security over dynamic websites[1]
- Improved performance for end users compared to dynamic websites[2]
- Fewer or no dependencies on systems such as databases or other application servers
Disadvantages of a static website
- Dynamic functionality has to be added separately
A dynamic web page is a web page that displays different content each time it's viewed. For example, the page may change with the time of day, the user that accesses the webpage, or the type of user interaction. There are two types of dynamic web pages :
CLIENT-SIDE SCRIPTING
Web pages that change in response to an action within that web page, such as a mouse or a keyboard action, use client-side scripting.
Client-side scripts generate client-side content. Client-side content is content that's generated on the user's computer rather than the server. In these cases, the user's web browser would download the web page content from the server, process the code that's embedded in the web page, and then display the updated content to the user.
Scripting languages such as JavaScript and Flash allow a web page to respond to client-side events.
SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING
Web pages that change when a web page is loaded or visited use server-side scripting. Server-side content is content that's generated when a web page is loaded. For example, login pages, forums, submission forms, and shopping carts, all use server-side scripting since those web pages change according to what is submitted to it.
Scripting languages such as PHP, ASP, ASP.NET, JSP, ColdFusion and Perl allow a web page to respond to submission events.
WEB BROWSER
A web browser is a software program that allows a user to locate, access, and display web pages. In common usage, a web browser is usually shortened to "browser." Browsers are used primarily for displaying and accessing websites on the Internet, as well as other content created using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Markup Language (XML), etc.
Browsers translate web pages and websites delivered using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) into human readable content. They also have the ability to display other protocols and prefixes, such as secure HTTP (HTTPS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), email handling (mailto:), and files (file:). In addition, most browsers also support external plug-ins required to display active content, such as in-page video, audio and Flash content.
A variety of web browsers are available with different features, look-and-feel, and designed to run on different operating systems. Common browsers include Internet Explorer from Microsoft, Firefox from Mozilla, Google Chrome, Safari from Apple, and Opera. All major browsers have mobile versions that are lightweight versions for accessing the web on mobile devices.
Web browsers date back to the late 1980s when an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, first developed the ideas that led to the World Wide Web (WWW). This consisted of a series of pages created using the HTML language and joined or linked together with pointers called hyperlinks.
- In 1993, a new browser known as Mosaic was developed, which soon gained widespread usage due to its graphical-interface capability. Marc Andreesen, a member of the Mosaic development team.
- In 1994 to develop his own commercial browser based on Mosaic. He called it Netscape Navigator, and it quickly captured over 90 percent of the nascent browser market. It soon faced stiff competition .
- In 1995 from Microsoft's Internet Explorer, which was freely bundled with Windows 95 and has been a feature of every version of Windows since that time. It was pointless to buy Navigator when Internet Explorer was free, and as a result, Navigator (and Netscape) were driven into the ground. But while Mosaic an Netscape are no longer around, the age of the browser was launched and continues to this day, as more and more applications move to the web.
WEB ADDRESS
Example : https://itstillworks.com/timeout-error-8361586.html
In the earliest days of the Internet, the only way to connect with a remote computer was to provide its unique IP address, a long string of digits such as 165.254.202.218. But in 1983, as the number of computers on the network continued to grow, the University of Wisconsin developed the Domain Name System (DNS), which maps numeric IP addresses to more easily remembered domain names like www.twitter.com .
Website addresses are entered into the address bar of an Internet browser. The browser, if connected to the Internet and configured correctly, has the ability to display the web page presented by the hosting provider. Examples of browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari and Google Chrome.
This name translates, through a DNS service, to a unique number called an IP address. This IP address is registered and gets routed through the Internet to a hosting provider. Servers at the hosting provider present the user with the file or web page requested. Errors are presented to the user if the provider has improperly configured the environment or traffic limits have been exceeded.
PROTOCOL
The first section of a URL is called the protocol and is characterized by the letters "http" or "https." This stands for "hypertext transfer protocol," and is the method by which text is transferred from webpage to webpage on the Internet. The "s" at the end indicates that the website you're viewing is on a secure server, making it harder for malicious software or Internet users to illegally access your computer.
DOMAIN NAME
The second section of a URL is called the domain name, and it follows the protocol. It begins with the letters "www" that stand for "World Wide Web," followed by the website's name. However, the "www" is generally not required to access a site. The domain name is registered with a company that hosts the website and supports its content storage and visitor usage demands.
PATH
The third section of a URL is called the path, and leads users to additional web pages that are linked to or branching off the domain name. The path is also the address of additional pages on the web host's server.
TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN NAME
The top-level domain (TLD) name is composed of the characters at the end of a URL -- generally, either two or three letters. Most URLs end with ".com," which is the most common top-level domain, and any website can use this ending. Other common three-letter TLDs are ".gov," ".edu" and ".mil" for government sites, educational sites and military sites, respectively. Two-letter TLDs are specific to countries, such as ".uk" for the United Kingdom.
No comments:
Post a Comment